Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Sunday, February 26, 2012
Success Criteria (27/2/12) Scales to measure earthquakes
Success Criteria
I can compare/contrast the scales of measuring earthquakes
I can tackle exam question based on the scales of measuring earthquakes
I can compare/contrast the scales of measuring earthquakes
I can tackle exam question based on the scales of measuring earthquakes
Mercalli v.s Richter Scale
|
Mercalli Scale
|
Richter Scale
|
|
Qualitative Evidence
|
Quantitative Evidence
|
|
Based on observation
and judgment, machines are not used
|
Uses a seismometer to
measure the magnitude of an earthquake
|
|
Scale of I-XII in
Roman numerals
|
Scale of 1-10
|
|
Less accurate and
scientific compared the Richter scale
|
More accurate since
it is logarithmic and open ended. (no max value)
|
|
Measures the effects
of an earthquake
|
Measures the
magnitude of an earthquake
|
|
Invented in 1902
|
Invented in 1935
|
Look at this link for further info :)
http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/physical/earth/richt.html
Praveen and Raveena's Earthquake Questions 1 and 2
SEE GEO BOOK PRAVEEN AND RAVEENA EARTHQUAKE QUESTIONS 1 AND 2
Sunday, February 19, 2012
General Knowledge Challenge-Earthquakes
General Knowledge Challenge:
Earthquakes
Where?
Tohoku, Japan
When?
March 2011
What plates and why did it happen?
Destructive plates, it happened because the two plates
slipped causing a 9.0 magnitude earthquake
What are the impacts/effects?
-Tsunamis occurred
-Fukuoka nuclear plant exploded
-Millions of people died
-Millions of people became homeless
-Millions of dollars worth in damage
-Fukuoka was evacuated and abandoned due to the radiation
- Flora and fauna was devastated and damaged
Earthquake Exam Question Q and A sheet
Earthquake Exam Questions Question/Answer Sheet
What are the three features of an earthquake?
Choose any of the five
Epicenter: The point of the earth’s surface
vertically above the focus of an earthquake
Fault Line: A separation/crack between two
tectonic plates, an earthquake occur if the plates move against each other.
Focus: The point where the earthquake occurs, they can be divided into
shallow and deep focus
Shallow focus: Occurs near the surface of the
earth, causes moderate to major damage
Deep focus: Occurs far from the earth’s surface,
causes little to no damage
Seismic Waves: Vibrations that travel through
the earth due to the cause of earthquakes, these waves can be classified into
primary, secondary and surface waves.
What are the primary/secondary effects of an earthquake?
Primary effects
- Natural habitats destroyed by landslides caused by the
earthquake
- Homes destroyed or collapsed
- People killed or buried in the rubbles
- Shops collapsed
- Roads severely damaged or destroyed
Secondary effects
- Loss of habitat, leaving animals homeless
- People will not have any shelter
- Family members of the victim will mourn over their deaths
- Because shops are destroyed, the people will have to face
starvation due to the fact that it wont be able to provide food.
- Roads that are severely damage wont be able to be used,
limiting the movement of emergency units and emergency supply.
Earthquake Exam Question Mark Scheme
Exam Question Mark Scheme
Point Mark Question (1)
Describe the three features of an earthquake. (3 marks)
1 Mark- 1 valid point of an earthquake feature with some
description of the features.
2 Marks- 2 valid points of earthquake features with some description
of the features.
3 Marks- 3 valid points of earthquake features with some
description of the features
Level Mark Question
Explain the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake
(6 marks)
Command Words: Explain
Key Words: Primary, Secondary Effects, Earthquake
Level 1 (1-2 marks)
Rough ideas on what are the primary and secondary effects.
Does not develop points further (Ex. SEE).
Very little or no use of key terminology are used.
Examples are not used in the answer.
Numerous punctuation, spelling and grammar errors
Readable Text
Level 2 (3-4 marks)
Ideas are clear on what are the primary and secondary
effects.
Develops some points into further categories such as social,
economic and environmental.
Key terminology is used in most parts of the answer
Some points are also supported with relevant examples.
Some grammar, punctuation and spelling errors.
Text is clear and readable with some structure
Level 3 (5-6 marks)
Excellent ideas on what are primary and secondary effects,
Develops most or all points into further categories such as
social, economic and environmental.
Key terminology is vast and is used in all parts of the
answer.
Answer is also well supported with relevant examples.
No grammar, spelling or punctuation errors
Well structured, neat text
Earthquake Notes (2)
Formation and features
How are earthquakes measured?
The ‘strength’ of an earthquake is known as magnitude. Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured using the Richter scale. A seismometer (machine with an arm that moves with the vibrations of earth) detects the vibrations caused by an earthquake. It plots these vibrations on a seismograph. The Richter scale doesn’t have an upper limit and it is logarithmic. Major earthquakes are above 5. The Mercalli scale is used to indicate the intensity of an earthquake. It classifies the effects of an earthquake on a scale using Roman numerals from I to XII (1 to 12, from rarely ever felt by people to disastrous, with almost total destruction). The number on the scale is obtained by making a judgement and observation, it is not measured by a machine.
The Richter scale is more mathematical, and tells you how much energy was released. However, it is not that good in telling what damage happened. The Mercalli scale tells you the damage that occurred, but is not as scientific, and is subject to people’s views of the event which may differ.
Primary/Secondary effects Of An Earthquake
Primary effects
- Natural habitats destroyed by landslides caused by the earthquake
- Homes destroyed or collapsed
- People killed or buried in the rubbles
- Shops collapsed
- Roads severely damaged or destroyed
Secondary effects
- Loss of habitat, leaving animals homeless
- People will not have any shelter
- Family members of the victim will mourn over their deaths
- Because shops are destroyed, the people will have to face starvation due to the fact that it wont be able to provide food.
- Roads that are severely damage wont be able to be used, limiting the movement of emergency units and emergency supply.
When plates fracture/slip they form seismic waves (vibrations) into the ground, these vibrations can be classified into to primary, secondary and surface waves.
Primary waves:
-They are the fastest moving waves
-They can pass through solids, liquids and gases easily
-These waves typically arrive at the surface as an abrupt thud.
Secondary waves:
-They move slower than primary waves,
-Can only pass through solids.
-As S waves move, they displace rock particles outward,. This results in the first period of rolling associated with earthquakes.
-They only travel through solid material, and so are stopped at the liquid layer in the Earth's core.
Surface waves:
-Move along the surface of the Earth.
-Surface waves cause the most damage. They move up and down the surface of the Earth,
-Surface waves are the slowest moving of all waves,. So the most intense shaking usually comes at the end of an earthquake.
Features
Epicenter: The point of the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake
Fault Line: A separation/crack between two tectonic plates, an earthquake occur if the plates move against each other.
Focus: The point where the earthquake occurs, they can be divided into shallow and deep focus
Shallow focus: Occurs near the surface of the earth, causes moderate to major damage
Deep focus: Occurs far from the earth’s surface, causes little to no damage
Seismic Waves: Vibrations that travel through the earth due to the cause of earthquakes, these waves can be classified into primary, secondary and surface waves.
How are earthquakes measured?
The ‘strength’ of an earthquake is known as magnitude. Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured using the Richter scale. A seismometer (machine with an arm that moves with the vibrations of earth) detects the vibrations caused by an earthquake. It plots these vibrations on a seismograph. The Richter scale doesn’t have an upper limit and it is logarithmic. Major earthquakes are above 5. The Mercalli scale is used to indicate the intensity of an earthquake. It classifies the effects of an earthquake on a scale using Roman numerals from I to XII (1 to 12, from rarely ever felt by people to disastrous, with almost total destruction). The number on the scale is obtained by making a judgement and observation, it is not measured by a machine.
The Richter scale is more mathematical, and tells you how much energy was released. However, it is not that good in telling what damage happened. The Mercalli scale tells you the damage that occurred, but is not as scientific, and is subject to people’s views of the event which may differ.
Primary/Secondary effects Of An Earthquake
Primary effects
- Natural habitats destroyed by landslides caused by the earthquake
- Homes destroyed or collapsed
- People killed or buried in the rubbles
- Shops collapsed
- Roads severely damaged or destroyed
Secondary effects
- Loss of habitat, leaving animals homeless
- People will not have any shelter
- Family members of the victim will mourn over their deaths
- Because shops are destroyed, the people will have to face starvation due to the fact that it wont be able to provide food.
- Roads that are severely damage wont be able to be used, limiting the movement of emergency units and emergency supply.
Earthquake Notes (1)
Earthquakes
Notes
What
is an earthquake?
An
earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, often causing damage,
loss, injury and death it usually occurs due to the movement of the earth’s
crust or volcanic activity.
Where
do they occur?
They
occur on all forms of plate margins, constructive, destructive, collisional and
conservative plate margins with different range of intensities.
How do earthquakes form?
When
plates fracture/slip they form seismic waves (vibrations) into the ground,
these vibrations can be classified into to primary, secondary and surface waves.
Primary
waves:
-They are the fastest moving waves
-They can pass through solids, liquids and gases
easily
-These waves typically arrive at the surface as an
abrupt thud.
Secondary waves:
-They move slower than primary waves,
-Can only pass through solids.
-As S waves move, they displace rock particles outward,. This
results in the first period of rolling associated with earthquakes.
-They only travel through solid material, and so are stopped
at the liquid layer in the Earth's core.
Surface waves:
-Move along the surface of the Earth.
-Surface waves cause the most damage. They move up and down
the surface of the Earth,
-Surface waves are the
slowest moving of all waves,. So the most intense shaking usually comes at the
end of an earthquake.
Wednesday, February 15, 2012
Success Criteria (16/2/12) Earthquake Exam Questions
I can create at least one point mark question and at least one level mark question
I can create challenging exam questions
I can communicate well with my group members
I can create challenging exam questions
I can communicate well with my group members
Sunday, February 12, 2012
Success Criteria (13/2/12) Earthquakes Notes
Success Criteria (13/2/12)
- I can write at least one point mark question and one level mark question
- I can create good and informative earthquake notes
- I can keep organized notes on earthquakes
Wednesday, February 8, 2012
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Success Criteria (9/2/12) Supervolcano Info Booklet
- I can work together as a group to produce a educational information booklet that has suitable audience and language
- I can work together in unison with my group members
Super volcanoes: The Video
Super volcanoes: The Video
(Watch it here:
(Watch it here:
Key Ideas
· The impact of super volcanoes can be enormous, ranging
from a local to a global scale
· Super volcanoes are rare, they erupt frequency is very
low and people always doubt that a super volcano will erupt
· Super volcanoes have interesting and unique natural
features that draw people to look and research
· Geologists and scientists are constantly doing
research to try and pinpoint and predict a super volcano’s eminent eruptions
Key Words
Caldera, Geyser, Seismic
Activity, Geothermal, Seismic Meter,
My Definition/ Actual Definition Of Supervolcanoes
Definitions of super
volcanoes
My definition: A volcano that
has more destructive power compared to composite and shield volcanoes.
Actual Definition: A volcano
that has a huge eruption scale, it erupts at least 1000 km3 of material and can cause destruction
from a local to a global stage.
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